Which solvothermal reaction has the lowest oxygen vacancy?

TiO 2-x -6 h has the fewest oxygen vacancies due to its weakest peak intensity. As shown in (Fig. 4 b), with the reaction time increasing, the concentration of formed oxygen vacancy increases during the solvothermal reaction.

How does oxygen-deficient black zirconia (ZrO 2x) affect solar light absorption?

In conclusions, oxygen-deficient black zirconia (ZrO 2−x) was prepared via the magnesiothermic reduction in H 2 /Ar atmosphere, which resulted in a drastic increment in solar light absorption and band gap decrement (to 1.52 from 5.09 eV for white ZrO 2 ).

Are solar cells a viable energy source for underwater power generation?

One of the most promising demonstrated technologies for onboard underwater power generation is solar cells. Solar energy is a consistent source of energy above the ocean surface, but also a surprisingly abundant and consistent source of energy below the ocean surface 9.

Is black ZrO 2x a suitable material for solar light absorption?

Here, we present oxygen-deficient black ZrO 2−x as a new material for sunlight absorption with a low band gap around ~1.5 eV, via a controlled magnesiothermic reduction in 5% H 2 /Ar from white ZrO 2, a wide bandgap (~5 eV) semiconductor, usually not considered for solar light absorption.

Does BZ have oxygen deficiency?

The presence of oxygen deficiency in BZ was further evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis ( Supplementary Figure S6) in the presence of oxygen, which shows a weight increment after ~150 °C, indicating the oxygen uptake.

How does organic matter affect the performance of a solar cell?

Organic matter will build up on the solar cell surface, preventing light from reaching the active materials in the solar cell, hence impairing the performance (Fig. 4b) 54. In addition, matter will build up on the hull of an underwater vehicle, increasing its weight and giving rise to drag 52.