What are the fundamentals of solar PV systems?

This document provides an overview of fundamentals of solar PV systems. It discusses solar energy basics and the solar spectrum. It describes the construction and working principle of photovoltaic cells made of semiconductors like silicon.

What are the main control objectives in PV systems?

The main control objectives in PV systems are maximum power and power quality. But, considering the growth of PV systems and other renewable energies connected to power grid, current grid codes are adapting new impositions to mandate that distributed energy resources have specific grid support functions.

Which control structures are used for photovoltaic electrical energy systems?

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Complex control structures are required for the operation of photovoltaic electrical energy systems. In this paper, a general review of the controllers used for photovoltaic systems is presented.

How does a PV generation system work?

A commonly used PV generation system takes a two-stage topology as shown in Fig. 1, where, normally the first stage is typically a DC/DC converter performing the power extraction from PV arrays. The second stage is typically a DC/AC converter ensuring a constant DC-link voltage and maintaining the power balance between DC and AC sides.

What is a PV control structure?

Then, PV systems are not only power generation systems but also active systems to optimize the grid performance. In general, control structures are hybrid systems that combine linear and non-linear techniques; as well as classical techniques, advanced control and artificial intelligence methods.

Can grid-connected PV systems improve power system dynamics?

The objective is that the grid-connected PV systems can enhance the power system dynamics by contributing to fault mitigation and ensuring stability . Furthermore, monitoring, diagnostic and prediction functions are a new trend in a high-power PV systems for economic and optimal operation reasons .